7 Types of Food Commodities

Food Commodities Knowledge: Grain and Rice

What are Food Commodities

• Commonly consumed foods are those ingested for their nutrient properties. 
• Food commodities can be either raw agricultural commodities or processed commodities, provided that they are the forms that are sold or distributed for human consumption

Read: Types of Breakfast

7 Types of Food Commodities 

1. Grains and Rice
2. Meat and Poultry
3. Seafood
4. Eggs and Dairy Product
5. Vegetables and Fruits
6. Herb and Spices

Grain and Rice

Grain

• A grain is a small, hard, dry seed, with or without an attached hull or fruit layer, harvested for human or animal consumption

Grain Preparation

1. Sort through grains, removing dirt or debris
2. Rinse in cold water until water runs clear
3. Presoak whole, hard grains (whole barley, oat groats, or wheat berries) to soften and reduce cooking time
4. For most grains, bring water or stock to boil, then add the grain
5. Return to a boil, reduce heat, cover and simmer until done - grain will have a slight chewiness
6. Drain if needed
7. Fluff with a fork but do not stir otherwise, starches will create a pasty texture

A. Wheat

• Commonly are planted in the USA, Canada, Europe, Egypt, and India

Read: Pastry Dough

Wheat Structure

1. Bran: Pieces of grain husk separated from flour after milling. If they contain carbohydrates, it's usually oat bran, wheat bran, or inulin.
2. Endosperm: The part of a seed that acts as a food store for the developing plant embryo, usually containing starch with protein and other nutrients.
3. Germ: A nutritious foodstuff of a dry floury consistency consisting of the extracted embryos of grains of wheat.

Read: Types of Bread

Wheat Nutrients

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
• B-vitamins
• Vitamin E
• Iron
• Phosphorus
• Calcium
• Fiber 

Celiac disease (Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy)

• Celiac disease is an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
• If you have celiac disease, eating gluten triggers an immune response in your small intestine. 
• Over time, this reaction damages your small intestine's lining and prevents the absorption of some nutrients (malabsorption).
•  The intestinal damage often causes diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, bloating, and anemia, and can lead to serious complications.

B. Rice

• Most grow in Asian countries, China, India, Japan & Korea.
• The structure is the same as wheat (wheat).
• Can be short-grain (glutinous when cooked) or long-grain (fluffy when cooked)

Read: Fresh Pasta

Rice Nutrients

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
• B-vitamins
• Iron
• Phosphorus
• Magnesium

Types of Rice

• Polished Rice/ White rice: It has been milled rice to remove the husk, bran, germ, and varying amounts of the nutrients contained in them, leaving a starch-rich grain.
• Unpolished Rice/ Brown Rice: it is unpolished rice where only the hull/ husk is removed.
• Glutinous Rice/ Sticky Rice: It is a type of rice grown mainly in Southeast Asia, Northeastern India, and Bhutan that has opaque grains, less amylose content, and is especially sticky when cooked. 

 

Read: Deep Frying Method

C. Cereal

• Seed grains of cultivated grasses
• The most common staple food in most countries as they are relatively inexpensive
• Usually serve as breakfast
• It can be from Rice, Corn/ maize, Oat, Barley, Wheat, Quinoa, or Millet 

Read: Baking Method

5 Categories Breakfast Cereal

• Hot Cereals: Cooked or served hot, can be wholesome and unsweetened and sugary and processed. You can enrich it with honey or fruit.
• Whole-Grain Cereal: the healthier variant cereal because it has more vitamins, minerals, and other useful stuff for the human body. 
• Bran Cereal: It has much higher quantities of insolvable fiber. It helps digestion and prevents constipation. 
• Sugary Cereal: The cereal with high quantities of sugar and has large amounts of additives and preservatives.
• Organic Cereal: The cereals that don't use pesticides, artificial fertilizers, and no genetically modified ingredients. Their sweeteners are also natural (like honey, or fruit).

Read: Chicken Cutting

The Famous Breakfast Cereal

• Koko Krunch: Nestle
• Cinnamon Toast Crunch: General Mills and Nestle
• Lucky Charms:  General Mills
• Honey Nut Cheerios: General Mills
• Cocoa Puffs: General Mills
• Cap'n Crunch: Quaker Oats
• Frosted Flakes: Kellogg's
• Froot Loops: Kellogg's
• Apple Jacks: Kellogg's
• Cap'n Crunch's Crunch Berries:  Quaker Oats
• Rice Krispies: Kellogg's
• Raisin Bran: Kellogg's
• Corn Pops: Kellogg's

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