What is Meaning of Cooking in Culinary Knowledge?

Cooking Method: Cooking Introduction

What is Cooking?

• Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science, and craft of preparing food for consumption. 
• The practice or skill of preparing food by combining, mixing, and heating ingredients.
• To change the texture, taste, flavor, and color of food
• Kill microorganism
• Easy to digest
• Increases variety of food

Cooking Method

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Types of Heat Transfer

1. Conduction - Move heat from one item to another.
2. Convection - The transfer of heat from hot/ warm areas to cooler areas.
3. Radiation - Heat transfer without physical contact between heat sources and food

Heat Transfer

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1. Conduction

• Move heat from one item to another.
• Conduction transfers the heat using direct contact; food is heated directly in a metal pan, in a liquid, or surrounded by air. 
• Dropping an egg into a pan of boiling water is a good example. 
• The heat from the water is transferred to the egg. As the outside of the egg becomes warm, the heat moves into the center of the egg, continuing inward until the entire egg is heated to the desired temperature.

Conduction 
Dropping Egg into Boiling Water

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2. Convection

• The transfer of heat from hot/ warm areas to cooler areas.
• Convection heat transfer occurs faster than conduction. 
• Convection occurs by the movement of air, liquid, or steam around the food. 
• For example, as a pan of soup heats up on the stove, heat moves from the bottom of the pan. This movement of hot and cool liquids or gases combines. 

E.g. Convection Oven

• Convection can also occur mechanically using a fan that circulates the air in an oven.
• A convection oven can reduce the cooking time by 25 percent over standard ovens.

Convection 
Roasting Food by Convection Oven

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3. Radiation: 

• Heat transfer without physical contact between heat sources and food
• Radiation heat transfer occurs when the microwave (light waves) or infrared energy (heat waves) are spread into the food.
• As the microwaves penetrate the food, they bump into molecules of water and fat, causing them to vibrate rapidly. This vibration creates friction, which creates heat that cooks the food. 
• E.g. Reheat food or thawing food by microwave.

Radiation 
Thawing Chicken by Microwave

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Three Types Of Cooking Methods

1. Fat Cooking Method
2. Dry Heat Cooking Methods 
3. Moist Heat Cooking Methods

1. Dry Heat Cooking Method 

• Cooking techniques where heat is transferred to food without using any liquid
• Heat can be from the top, bottom, top, and bottom or rounds of food.
• Food Cooked indirect heat, such as a grill or with indirect heat, such as an oven.
• Food must be naturally soft.
• Sauces are made separately.

Types of Dry Heat Cooking

• Baking
• Roasting
• Grilling
• Griddling
• Broiling
• BBQ

Dry Heat Cooking

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2. Moist Heat Cooking

• Cooking with liquids, such as water, broth, stock, wine, etc.
• Usually for hard ingredients, such as beef shank, beef topside, hard vegetable, etc.
• Moist heat cooking faster than dry heat cooking.

Types of Moist Heat Cooking

• Boiling
• Simmering
• Blanching
• Poaching
• Steaming
• Stewing
• Braising
• Pressure Cooking
• Sous Vide

Moist Heat Cooking

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3. Fat Cooking

• Cooking with fat or oil

Types of Fat Cooking

• Pan Frying
• Deep Frying
• Sauteing
• Stir-Frying

Fat Cooking

Read: Beef Cutting Method

Benefits of Fat Frying Method

• It is a quick method of cooking.
• Fried food is very appetizing and tasty.
• Fried foods have better keeping quality 
• The most variety of dishes, as fried foods are crisp in texture.
• Fried foods have a higher satiety value.
• It increases the calorific value of food.
• In shallow fat frying, the amount of oil consumption can be controlled

Weaknesses of the Fat Frying Method

• Fried foods are difficult to digest because food is covered with fat
• Repeated use of heated oil can produce hazardous substances.
• Foods can be oily or soggy by absorbing too much oil.
• More attention is needed when cooking and care must be taken to avoid an accident.

Conversion Temperature

1. Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion Formula

• The formula below will help you to convert from Celsius into Fahrenheit.
• F    =   (Celsius x 1,8) + 32

2. Fahrenheit to Celsius Conversion Formula

• The formula below will help you to convert from Fahrenheit into Celsius (or Centigrade).
• C    =    (Fahrenheit - 32) / 1,8

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